Through the GGI, China reiterates its opposition to discrimination against any country -- big or small, rich or poor -- and stresses the need to ensure equal representation of the Global South in international economic and financial institutions.

Shanghai Spirit, the guiding principle of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), has transformed into a comprehensive concept of international relations, a Kyrgyz political expert has said.

In practice, the SCO translates these principles into action: joint counterterrorism exercises, coordinated intelligence sharing, energy partnerships and most crucially, the financing and construction of connectivity projects binding the continent together.

Through the GGI, China reiterates its opposition to discrimination against any country -- big or small, rich or poor -- and stresses the need to ensure equal representation of the Global South in international economic and financial institutions.

Shanghai Spirit, the guiding principle of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), has transformed into a comprehensive concept of international relations, a Kyrgyz political expert has said.